Which term means kidney stones?

• A. Ovarian torsion
• B. PID
• C. IUP
• D. Nephrolithiasis

Answer: (D)

The term nephrolithiasis specifically refers to kidney stones. It comes from nephro- meaning kidney and lith- meaning stone, with -iasis indicating a condition. So nephrolithiasis describes the presence or formation of stones in the kidney or urinary tract. Clinically, this term is used when discussing renal calculi and their symptoms, such as flank pain and possible blood in the urine. The other terms refer to different conditions—ovarian torsion is twisting of the ovary, PID is pelvic inflammatory disease, and intrauterine pregnancy denotes a pregnancy located within the uterus—so they do not describe kidney stones.