Which term describes thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density with age?

• A. Osteopenia
• B. Osteoarthritis
• C. Osteomyelitis
• D. Osteoporosis

Answer: (D)

Osteoporosis is the term used for thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density that occurs with aging. This happens when bone resorption outpaces formation, especially after menopause, leading to weaker bones and a higher risk of fractures from minor stresses. On a bone density test, osteoporosis is diagnosed when the T-score is -2.5 or lower, indicating significant bone loss. Clinically, it raises the likelihood of fragility fractures, often in the hip, spine, or wrist. Before osteoporosis, there is osteopenia, a milder reduction in bone density that can progress if risk factors persist. Osteoarthritis involves joint cartilage wear and is not defined by bone density loss, while osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone. In short, thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density with age describes osteoporosis.