Which term describes inward chest wall movement during respiratory distress?

• A. Bradypnea
• B. Tachypnea
• C. Apnea
• D. Retractions

Answer: (D)

Inward chest wall movement during inspiration signals increased work of breathing, caused by airway obstruction or reduced lung compliance. The muscles pull the chest inward to overcome high resistance, producing retractions that can be seen around the ribs, collarbones, and subcostal area. This sign is a palpable cue that respiratory distress is present and may indicate a more urgent issue, especially in children where chest walls are more compliant.

The other terms describe breathing rate or the absence of breathing rather than chest wall motion. Bradypnea is a slow rate, tachypnea is a rapid rate, and apnea is no breathing at all. Retractions specifically point to the effortful, inward movement of the chest during inspiration.