Which term describes chronic liver disease marked by scarring and impaired function?

• A. Cirrhosis
• B. Hepatitis
• C. Fibrosis
• D. Jaundice

Answer: (A)

Long-standing liver injury that progresses to scar tissue and impaired function defines cirrhosis. In cirrhosis, scar tissue (fibrosis) builds up and the normal liver architecture becomes distorted, forming nodules that disrupt blood flow and the liver’s ability to perform its jobs, leading to reduced synthesis of proteins, impaired detoxification, and potential portal hypertension. Fibrosis is the scarring stage, but without the architectural distortion and functional decline seen in cirrhosis. Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver and can be present without the advanced scarring; jaundice is a symptom of liver dysfunction, not the disease itself.