Which procedure restores blood flow by bypassing diseased sections of the coronary arteries?

• A. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
• B. Angioplasty
• C. Cardiac catheterization
• D. Aneurysm repair

Answer: (A)

Restoring blood flow by bypassing diseased sections of the coronary arteries is achieved with coronary artery bypass grafting. In this procedure, graft vessels are connected to bypass blocked or narrowed coronary segments, creating a new route for blood to reach the heart muscle downstream of the blockage. This improves perfusion, especially when multiple arteries are affected or blockages are not suitable for opening with other methods. Typical grafts come from the internal thoracic arteries or saphenous veins and are used to route blood around diseased areas.

Angioplasty, by contrast, widens a narrowed artery from within using a balloon (often with a stent) and does not establish a new conduit around a blockage. Cardiac catheterization is the diagnostic visualization of the coronary arteries, sometimes guiding interventions, but it is not itself a bypass. Aneurysm repair addresses aneurysms and is not the procedure used to bypass coronary blockages.