Which procedure examines the anus and lower rectum to diagnose conditions?

• A. Rectal exam
• B. Proctoscopy
• C. Colonoscopy
• D. Anoscopy

Answer: (D)

Anoscopy uses a small, rigid instrument called an anoscope to directly visualize the anal canal and distal rectum. This focused view is ideal for diagnosing conditions in that specific area, such as hemorrhoids, fissures, or polyps. A digital rectal exam relies on touch from a finger and does not provide a view of the lining. Proctoscopy also visualizes the anal canal and lower rectum but with a longer instrument, while colonoscopy examines much of the colon beyond just the anus and lower rectum. Because the question specifies examining the anus and lower rectum to diagnose conditions, anoscopy is the most appropriate procedure.