Endoscopic examination of the large bowel and distal part of the small bowel via anus.

• A. Sigmoidoscopy
• B. Colonoscopy
• C. Endoscopy
• D. Capsule endoscopy

Answer: (B)

This question is about identifying the procedure performed by inserting the scope through the anus to inspect the large bowel and the distal part of the small bowel. That description fits colonoscopy best, because it visualizes the entire colon and, with technique, can reach the terminal ileum, allowing assessment of both the large bowel and the end portion of the small intestine through the same route.

Sigmoidoscopy only examines the rectum and part of the sigmoid colon, not the whole colon. Endoscopy typically refers to the upper GI tract (esophagus, stomach, duodenum) and does not view the large bowel. Capsule endoscopy involves swallowing a small camera to image the small intestine and is not performed through the anus with a flexible scope, nor does it enable direct access to the colon for biopsy or polypectomy.

So, the procedure described is colonoscopy.